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After regularly updating crimmigration.com from January 2009 until November 2022, I have stopped doing so. I hope you continue to benefit from the blog as an archive. For up-to-date information about my work, visit ccgarciahernandez.com. – César

IJ: Possession of drug paraphernalia conviction can’t be used for drug-related aggravated felony category

An Immigration Judge recently held that our client’s conviction for possession of drug paraphernalia could not be used to prove that he was convicted of an aggravated felony. The IJ first concluded that possession of paraphernalia is not punishable under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA), then concluded that the paraphernalia conviction could not serve as the basis of a recidivist offender violation.Our client was convicted of violating two Maryland offenses: criminal possession of a controlled dangerous substance, Md. Code Ann., Crim. § 5-601, and possession of drug paraphernalia, Md. Code Ann., Crim. § 5-619(c)(1).

DHS argued that, combined, these convictions constitue an aggravated felony under INA § 101(a)(43)(b). That section provides that “illicit trafficking in a controlled substance (as defined in section 802 of Title 21), including a drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 924(c) of Title 18)” is an aggravated felony.

Because removal proceedings took place in Texas, the Fifth Circuit’s holding that multiple possession convictions constitute an aggravated felony was controlling. In United States v. Sanchez-Villalobos, the Fifth Circuit held that a second state drug possession conviction constitutes an aggravated felony as a recidivist offense even where the second conviction was not prosecuted under a recidivist offender statute. See 412 F.3d 572, 577 (5th Cir. 2005). The Fifth Circuit’s position stands in stark contrast to the position taken by the BIA in Matter of Carachuri-Rosendo, but, as the BIA noted in that case, the Fifth Circuit’s decision is the controlling precedent. See 24 I & N Dec. 382, 393 (BIA 2007). Though the Supreme Court, in 21 U.S.C. § 863(a). This sale, transport, importation, or exportation, we argued, is not synonymous with mere possession.We also successfully argued that the Maryland possession of drug paraphernalia statute does not involve an element of commerce. The Lopez v. Gonzales Court explained that “ordinarily ‘trafficking’ means some sort of commercial dealing.” 127 S.Ct. at 630. However, the Maryland statute does not require a commercial transaction of any kind.

As a result of winning the aggravated felony battle our client became eligible for Cancellation of Removal for LPRs and was granted that relief. Hopefully some variation of this argument can work for other attorneys.

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