The script is fairly simple: someone gets arrested and without much delay he is haled into court where a judge decides whether to grant bail. As depicted on television, this happens as a matter of routine. Everyone, it seems, accepts that it’s a judge’s role to decide whether a person who has been arrested should remain jailed pending prosecution. Not so when it comes to immigration law. Migrants are frequently locked up without seeing an immigration judge. Today, the Supreme Court hears arguments about the legality of prolonged mandatory detention without a hearing. In Jennings v. [...]
1st Circuit rolls back detention reforms
In a disheartening move that is likely to create more impediments to migrants trying to escape detention pending removal proceedings, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit overturned a district court decision that imposed substantial limits on the federal government’s use of INA § 236(c), the so-called mandatory detention statute. Reid v. Donelan, No. 14-1270, slip op. (1st Cir. April 13, 2016). The court held that migrants detained unreasonably are entitled to an individualized hearing, but it tossed out the district court’s conclusion that the Fifth Amendment Due Process Clause [...]
Arizona on verge of increasing jail time for migrants
After a few years out of the limelight, Arizona legislators appear on the verge of reigniting the state’s notorious climate toward migrants. A subtle change to the state’s criminal sentencing statutes promises to substantially increase the amount of time in prison certain migrants face. The proposal, Senate Bill 1377, targets migrants who are in the country in violation of a small number of federal immigration crimes, most notably Immigration and Nationality Act § 275 and 276, illegal entry and illegal reentry respectively. SB 1377 would limit a sentencing judge’s power to tailor the [...]
Fifth Circuit Finds that Despite Ambiguity in Record of Conviction, Burden Rests on Alien to Prove Conviction is not Related to a Controlled Substance
By Alex Sheppard Last month the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals released a decision on (1) whether the alien or the government bears the burden of proof in determining whether grounds for mandatory denial of an alien’s application for relief do not apply when the alien has demonstrated ambiguity in the record of conviction; (2) whether that burden was met; and (3) the effect of a Canadian pardon for the conviction in question. Le v. Lynch, No. 13-60664, slip op. (5th Cir. Jan. 6, 2016). The Fifth Circuit ruled that despite ambiguity in the record, the alien bears the burden of proof; that [...]
BIA creates rebuttable presumption for cancellation of removal applicants
By Alex Sheppard On October 28, 2015, the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) decided the companion cases Matter of Garcia-Ramirez, 26 I&N Dec. 674 (BIA 2015), and Matter of Castrejon-Colino, 26 I&N Dec. 667 (BIA 2015), both of which addressed the burden of proof that rests on cancellation of removal applicants who are demonstrating continuous physical presence, a requirement for non-lawful permanent residents seeking this form of relief from removal. In the decisions, the BIA held that “[W]here an alien had the right to appear before an Immigration Judge, evidence that photographs [...]
9 Cir limits prolonged immigration imprisonment
The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit recently reinforced a semblance of rationality that is long tried to inject into the federal government’s civil immigration detention practice. In Rodriguez v. Robbins (Rodriguez III), Nos. 13-56706 & 13-56755, slip op. (9th Cir. October 28, 2015), the court largely affirmed its commitment to critically examining ICE’s conduct inside the vast immigration detention center archipelago. This decision builds off a sustained challenge to detention that advocates have brought before the Ninth Circuit repeatedly since 2009 and in the Central [...]
Developing Better, Fairer Bond Hearings: Next Steps After Lora v. Shanahan
By Andrea Saenz The Second Circuit’s recent decision in Lora v. Shanahan, No. 14-2343-pr-, slip op. (2nd Cir. Oct. 28, 2015), gives immigration detainees a lot to be hopeful about, and gives scholars and advocates a lot of new questions to chew on. In Lora, the Second Circuit held that noncitizens cannot be subjected to prolonged no-bond detention under INA § 236(c) while their deportation cases are pending, and therefore must be given a bond hearing within six months of their detention. As Alina Das wrote on this blog, the decision represents a resounding victory for core due process [...]
BIA continues eroding categorical approach
The Board of Immigration Appeals continued its efforts to resist the principal means of analyzing statutes that the Supreme Court requires in a case involving a drug conviction. Matter of Ferreira, 26 I&N Dec. 415 (BIA 2014). Board Member Pauley wrote the panel’s decision. This case involved an LPR convicted via guilty plea of “sale of illegal drugs” in Connecticut. The immigration judge found that this conviction constituted illicit trafficking, a variety of aggravated felony, INA § 101(a)(43)(B), and a controlled substance offense, INA § 237(a)(2)(B)(i). On appeal, the migrant argued [...]