GAO Report Reveals Troubling Inconsistencies and Issues Regarding Immigration Detention Medical Care

By: Thamys Gaertner BACKGROUND The United States Government Office Accountability Office (GAO) issued a report in February 2016 analyzing the disturbing costs and problems of the current on-site and off-site medical care in immigration detention facilities across the United States. U.S. Gov’t Accountability Office, GAO-16-231, Immigration Detention: Additional Actions Needed to Strengthen Management and Oversight of Detainee Medical Care (2016). During 2015, ICE held about 28,000 detainees per day in over 165 facilities. Id. at 6. In line with what has previously been reported on [...]

Following Trend, Fifth Circuit Holds Definition of Crime of Violence Unconstitutionally Vague

By Sarah Flinn Agreeing with both the Seventh and Ninth Circuits, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit concluded that the definition of crime of violence in 18 U.S.C. § 16(b) is unconstitutionally vague. United States v. Gonzalez-Longoria, No. 15-40041, 2016 WL 537612, at *1 (5th Cir. February 10, 2016). Mr. Gonzalez-Longoria was convicted and sentenced for being illegally present in the United States in violation of Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) § 276. Id. During sentencing, the trial court determined that Mr. Gonzalez-Longoria’s prior Texas felony conviction was an [...]

BIA: CHILD ENDANGERMENT OFFENSE IS CHILD ABUSE UNDER § 237(a)(2)(E)(i)

By: Thamys Gaertner In a decision issued on February 9, 2016, the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) concluded that a crime of endangering the welfare of a child is categorically a removable offense under § 237(a)(2)(E)(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(E)(i) (2012). Henry Javier Mendoza Osorio is a native of Ecuador and a United States lawful permanent resident. Matter of Mendoza Osorio, 26 I&N Dec. 703 (BIA 2016). Mr. Mendoza Osorio was convicted of endangering the welfare of a child under § 260.10(1) of the New York Penal Law. Id. Consequently, DHS [...]

Utah v. Strieff and the Exclusionary Rule’s Future in Immigration Court

By Katie Tinto Immigration scholars and practitioners should pay close attention to the outcome of Utah v. Strieff, a Fourth Amendment case argued before the U.S. Supreme Court two weeks ago. 357 P.3d 532 (Utah 2015), cert. granted, 136 S. Ct. 27 (U.S. Oct. 1, 2015) (No. 14-1373). In this case, the police detained Mr. Strieff without reasonable suspicion, and then, after obtaining his identification, ran a routine warrant check on his name and discovered an outstanding arrest warrant for a traffic violation. During the search incident to arrest on the traffic warrant, the officer found [...]

WI Supreme Court Adopts Realistic Plea Withdrawal Standard for Migrants Facing Inadmissibility Based on Criminal Conviction

By: Sarah Flinn The Wisconsin Supreme Court recently held that a migrant defendant is permitted to withdraw a guilty plea if she is able to show that the judge presiding over the plea hearing failed to notify her of “likely” adverse immigration consequences of conviction, as required by state statute, and that the guilty plea is now “likely” to result in adverse immigration consequences. State v. Valadez, Nos. 2014AP678, 2014AP679, 2014AP680, 2016 WL 325524, at *2, *6 (Wis. Jan. 28, 2016). In contrast to previous Wisconsin caselaw regarding the burden of proof required to show “likely” [...]

Fifth Circuit Finds that Despite Ambiguity in Record of Conviction, Burden Rests on Alien to Prove Conviction is not Related to a Controlled Substance

By Alex Sheppard Last month the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals released a decision on (1) whether the alien or the government bears the burden of proof in determining whether grounds for mandatory denial of an alien’s application for relief do not apply when the alien has demonstrated ambiguity in the record of conviction; (2) whether that burden was met; and (3) the effect of a Canadian pardon for the conviction in question. Le v. Lynch, No. 13-60664, slip op. (5th Cir. Jan. 6, 2016). The Fifth Circuit ruled that despite ambiguity in the record, the alien bears the burden of proof; that [...]

Justice Scalia’s Crimmigration Legacy

Andrea Sáenz Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia’s recent passing has spurred a wealth of commentary about his career and legal philosophy, including the recognition that the legendary conservative jurist issued a number of rulings sympathetic to criminal defendants [see here, here, or here]. What have attracted less notice so far are his consistent votes for noncitizens in cases involving the immigration consequences of criminal convictions, or for defendants in cases involving the sentencing consequences of prior convictions. In both types of cases, Scalia was an extremely reliable vote [...]

Mass. Expands “Reasonable Inquiry” for Criminal Defense Counsel

By Thamys Gaertner In October 2015, the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts expanded on the duty of criminal defense attorneys’ to reasonably inquire into clients’ immigration status in cases involving refugees or asylees. Pavel Lavrinenko immigrated to the United States with his family as a refugee in 2000. Commonwealth v. Lavrinenko, 38 N.E.3d 278, 282-83 (Mass. 2015). The family fled Russia to escape religious persecution by the Russian government. Id. On April 10, 2005, Mr. Lavrinenko crashed into a lamp post while driving intoxicated, leading officers to a foot pursuit into a [...]